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30 Ships from ·the west [L Kittim; C Rome, which made Antiochus stand down from his attack on the South] will come and fight against ·the king of the North [L him], so he will be ·afraid [startled; or dismayed]. Then he will return and show his anger against the holy ·agreement [covenant; treaty]. He will be good to those who have ·stopped obeying [L abandoned; forsaken] the holy ·agreement [covenant; treaty; C the pro-Antiochus party among the Jewish people].

31 “·The king of the North will send his army [L Forces from him will arise] to ·make the Temple in Jerusalem unclean [L profane the Holy Place and fortress]. They will ·stop the people from offering [L turn aside] the ·daily [regular] sacrifice [8:12], and then they will set up a ·blasphemous object that brings destruction [L abomination of desolation; C a pagan object, perhaps a meteorite dedicated to Zeus, would be placed in the holy place; Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14; also 1 Maccabees 1:44–47, 54 in the Apocrypha]. 32 ·The king of the North [L He] will tell lies and cause those who have ·not obeyed God [L transgressed the agreement/covenant/treaty] to ·be ruined [L become godless]. But those who know God and obey him will be strong and fight back.

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